Periodontal surgery is a dental procedure that is used to treat periodontal disease, a bacterial infection that affects the gums and can lead to tooth loss if left untreated. The procedure involves removing infected gum tissue and cleaning the roots of the teeth to eliminate bacteria and plaque buildup. In some cases, the gums may need to be reshaped to promote healing and prevent further damage. The procedure may be performed under local or general anesthesia, depending on the extent of the disease and the patient's comfort level.