Types Of Degenerative Spine Disease
Back pain is a prevalent symptom that around 80% of individuals encounter at least once during
their lifetime. According to the WHO, lower back pain affected approximately 640 million cases
in 2020, and it is estimated that the number of cases will increase to 840 million by 2050.
Around 8% of the adult population is suffering from chronic back pain. Degenerative diseases
(Disc Diseases, Spondylolisthesis), Trauma, Infection, Tumours, and Inflammatory Diseases
(Arthritis/Ankylosing spondylitis) are the common causes of back pain. Spinal Degenerative
Disease is the most common of all. Degenerative disease is characterized by the gradual loss of
structure and function of the spine. The spine gradually stiffens, restricting mobility and
flexibility.
In today’s era of busy sedentary lifestyles, food habits, smoking, obesity, and the absence of
exercise in our schedules are risk factors for this disease in most patients. As the disease
progresses, it causes compression of nerves that leads to Sciatica, Back pain, Limb Pain,
Numbness, or Weakness and loss or changes of Bladder or Bowel functions infrequently.
Clinically, symptoms of pain are divided into Acute Pain, Subacute pain, or Chronic Pain. ACUTE
pain has a symptom duration of less than 6 WEEKs. Most are nonspecific, with only 10-20%
having an anatomical diagnosis, and 80-90% improve within 1 Month. SUBACUTE pain lasts
more than 6 WEEKS to 3 MONTHS. In 10% of cases, pain persists beyond 6 weeks. CHRONIC
Back Pain persists for more than 3 months, with only 5% experiencing pain beyond this
duration. Structural abnormalities are present in up to 50% of cases.
For the diagnosis of the disease, radiological imaging like MRI, CT Scan, and X-ray will be
helpful. Treatment includes Medicines, Nerve Root blocks, and Physiotherapy, which one the
mainstay of therapy in the majority of patients. If medical management fails, then surgery can be
of help in selected patients. In today's era of Endoscopic Spine Surgery and Minimal invasive
Spine Surgeries, the outcome of spine surgery has changed in the patient's favor, with
advantages of small incision, least tissue damage, and less hospital stay.
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