Cartilage restoration surgery is a procedure used to repair damaged cartilage in a joint, most commonly the knee. Cartilage is the smooth, rubber-like tissue that covers the ends of bones and helps joints move easily without pain. When cartilage is…

Overview

What is cartilage restoration surgery?

Cartilage restoration surgery is a procedure used to repair damaged cartilage in a joint, most commonly the knee. Cartilage is the smooth, rubber-like tissue that covers the ends of bones and helps joints move easily without pain. When cartilage is damaged, it does not heal well on its own.

The surgery aims to:

• Reduce pain
• Improve movement
• Help patients return to daily activities or sports
• Delay or prevent arthritis progression

Common conditions leading to the surgery

Cartilage damage may happen due to:

• Sports injuries
• Sudden twisting injuries
• Wear and tear over time
• Previous knee injuries
• Early osteoarthritis
• Repeated stress on the joint

When is surgery required?

Surgery may be advised when:

• Pain continues despite medicines or physiotherapy
• Joint movement becomes difficult
• Cartilage damage is confirmed on MRI scans
• Symptoms affect work, sports or daily life
• Non-surgical treatments do not provide relief

Procedure Details

What is the procedure and why is it done?

The surgery repairs damaged cartilage to improve joint function and reduce pain. It is commonly performed in younger or active patients who have limited cartilage damage but otherwise healthy joints.

Before the Procedure

Key instructions

Before surgery, patients are usually advised to:

• Inform your doctor about all medicines and allergies
• Stop smoking if advised
• Arrange help at home after surgery
• Avoid eating or drinking for several hours before surgery if instructed

Preparation guidelines

Preparation may include:

• Blood tests or imaging scans may be required
• Some medicines, especially blood thinners, may need to be stopped temporarily

Procedure Overview

Step-by-step (simplified)

• Anaesthesia, general or spinal, is given so you do not feel pain
• Small cuts are made around the joint
• A camera and instruments are inserted
• The damaged cartilage is cleaned or repaired
• Healthy cartilage or cells may be placed into the damaged area

The procedure usually takes about 1–3 hours depending on the technique used.

Risks and Complications

Possible risks include:

Benefits and Expected Outcomes

Benefits

• Reduced pain
• Better joint movement
• Improved ability to walk or play sports
• Delayed need for joint replacement surgery

Success rates

Many patients experience good pain relief and improved function, especially when surgery is done early and rehabilitation is followed properly.

During hospital stay

What to expect

• Most patients stay for 1–2 days
• Pain medicines and ice packs may be used
• Physiotherapy often begins early

Post-procedure care

• Walking aids such as crutches may be needed
• The joint may need limited weight-bearing for several weeks

Recovery, Lifestyle and Follow-up

Recovery and aftercare

Recovery timeline

• Return to desk work: about 2–6 weeks
• Return to sports: several months depending on healing

Activity restrictions

• Avoid heavy exercise early after surgery
• Follow physiotherapy instructions carefully

Wound care and precautions

• Keep dressings clean and dry
• Watch for redness or discharge

Lifestyle and Prevention

Recommended diet

Long-term care

Preventing recurrence

When to Contact a Doctor

Seek medical help if there is:

• Fever
• Increasing pain or swelling
• Redness or pus from the wound
• Difficulty moving the joint
• Sudden calf pain or breathlessness

Follow-up schedule

Regular follow-up visits and physiotherapy sessions are important for recovery.

Myths and Facts

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)