at Sterling Hospitals
Schedule Your Appointment Online
Overview of the Condition
What is Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)?
- CAD is a condition where blood vessels supplying the heart become narrow due to fat and cholesterol buildup
- This reduces blood flow to the heart muscle
- It can cause chest pain and shortness of breath
- Complete blockage can lead to a heart attack
Why is it Important?
CAD is one of the leading causes of heart attacks and death worldwide. According to WHO, cardiovascular diseases account for nearly 27% of deaths in India.
Common Symptoms
- Chest pain or discomfort
- Shortness of breath
- Fatigue
Warning Signs
- Severe chest pain spreading to arm/jaw
- Sudden sweating or nausea
- Difficulty breathing
Treatment Options Before the Procedure
- Medications — prevent blood clots and lower cholesterol
- Lifestyle changes — balanced diet, exercise, stopping smoking
Procedures
- Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI)
- Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)
- Angiography
- Zero contrast angiography
Procedure Overview and Preparation
What is PCI and Why is it Done?
Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), also called coronary angioplasty, is a minimally invasive procedure used to open blocked heart arteries and improve blood flow. During the procedure, a small balloon widens the blocked artery, and a stent (small mesh tube) is usually placed to keep the artery open long term. Some stents slowly release medication to help reduce re-narrowing.
Before the Procedure
- Avoid eating or drinking for several hours
- Blood-thinning medicines may need temporary adjustment
- Inform the doctor about allergies, kidney disease, bleeding disorders, or medicines being taken
- Continue or stop medications only as advised
- Arrange transportation and support after discharge
Step-by-Step
- A catheter is inserted through a blood vessel in the arm or thigh and guided to the heart
- Contrast dye and X-ray imaging are used to identify the blocked artery
- A small balloon is inflated to open the blockage
- A stent may be placed to help keep the artery open
Time Required
30 minutes to 2 hours, depending on the severity of blockage.
Risks, Benefits and Hospital Stay
Risks and Complications
- PCI is generally a safe procedure with a low risk of complications
- Possible risks include bleeding or infection at the catheter insertion site
- Blood clots or re-narrowing of the artery may occur rarely
- Stroke is an uncommon complication
- Drug-eluting stents help reduce the risk of artery re-narrowing to under 5%
Benefits and Expected Outcomes
- Improves blood flow to the heart
- Relieves symptoms such as chest pain and shortness of breath
Recovery, Lifestyle and Follow-up
Recovery and Aftercare
- Most patients can resume normal activities within a week after PCI
- Patients involved in heavy physical work may require a longer recovery period
- Most patients can resume light daily activities within a few days
Diet
- Follow a heart-healthy diet low in salt, sugar, and saturated fat
- Include fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean protein
Long-Term Care
- Regular follow-up visits and medications are important
- Control blood pressure, diabetes, and cholesterol
When to Contact a Doctor
- Chest pain or shortness of breath after PCI
- Bleeding, swelling, or discharge at the catheter insertion site
- Fever, chills, dizziness, or fainting
- Coolness, numbness, or persistent pain at the insertion site
Myths vs Facts
PCI is a major open heart surgery.
PCI is a minimally invasive procedure performed using a catheter inserted through the arm or thigh.
A stent permanently cures heart disease.
A stent improves blood flow, but lifestyle changes and medicines are still important to prevent future blockages.
PCI is very risky.
PCI is generally considered safe, with a low risk of complications when performed by experienced specialists.
Recovery after PCI takes several months.
Most patients can return to usual activities within about a week after PCI.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is PCI?
PCI is a minimally invasive procedure used to open blocked or narrowed heart arteries and improve blood flow to the heart.
Why is a stent used during PCI?
A stent helps keep the artery open after the blockage is treated and reduces the risk of the artery narrowing again.
How long does a PCI procedure take?
The procedure usually takes between 30 minutes and 2 hours, depending on the severity and number of blockages.
When should I contact my doctor after PCI?
Seek medical advice for chest pain, shortness of breath, fever, dizziness, or bleeding/swelling at the catheter insertion site.