Haemodialysis is a medical procedure used to filter waste products and excess fluids from the blood when the kidneys are unable to perform this function adequately. During haemodialysis, blood is pumped out of the body through a dialysis machine, filtered to remove toxins and excess fluids, and then returned to the body.

Peritoneal Dialysis is a type of renal replacement therapy used to remove waste products and excess fluids from the body when the kidneys are no longer able to perform this function effectively. Unlike haemodialysis, which uses a machine to filter the blood outside the body, peritoneal dialysis uses the peritoneum, the membrane lining the abdominal cavity, as a natural filter.

A kidney biopsy is a medical procedure in which a small sample of kidney tissue is removed for examination under a microscope. It is typically performed to diagnose and evaluate kidney diseases and conditions, such as glomerulonephritis, nephrotic syndrome, kidney infections, and kidney tumours.

Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy (CRRT) is a medical procedure used to manage acute kidney injury (AKI) or severe kidney dysfunction by continuously filtering and removing waste products, toxins, and excess fluids from the blood. CRRT is performed using specialized equipment that mimics the function of the kidneys, providing continuous and gentle removal of waste products and fluids over an extended period.

Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) surgery is a surgical procedure used to treat certain neurological conditions, such as Parkinson's disease, essential tremor, dystonia, and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). It involves the implantation of electrodes into specific areas of the brain, which are connected to a pulse generator device implanted under the skin near the collarbone. The device delivers electrical impulses to the brain, modulating abnormal brain activity and alleviating symptoms associated with neurological disorders.

Radical prostatectomy is a surgical procedure performed to remove the entire prostate gland, along with surrounding tissues, in the treatment of prostate cancer. It is considered a primary treatment option for localized prostate cancer and aims to remove cancerous cells and prevent the spread of the disease.

Partial prostatectomy, also known as focal therapy or partial gland ablation, is a surgical procedure performed to remove only a portion of the prostate gland affected by cancer, rather than the entire gland. It is a treatment option for localized prostate cancer, particularly in cases where the cancer is confined to a specific area of the prostate.

Radical Nephrectomy is a surgical procedure performed to remove the entire kidney, along with surrounding tissues, in the treatment of kidney cancer. It is considered a primary treatment option for localized or advanced kidney cancer and aims to remove cancerous cells, prevent the spread of the disease, and improve long-term outcomes for patients.

Partial Nephrectomy, also known as nephron-sparing surgery or kidney-sparing surgery, is a surgical procedure performed to remove only the cancerous portion of the kidney while preserving the remaining healthy kidney tissue. It is a treatment option for kidney cancer, particularly in cases where the cancer is small and localized to a specific area of the kidney.

Kidney Transplant is a surgical procedure that involves replacing a diseased or failed kidney with a healthy kidney from a donor. This procedure is typically performed to treat end-stage renal disease (ESRD) or kidney failure, where the kidneys can no longer function effectively to filter waste products and excess fluids from the blood.